Appendices

Formation Constants for Complex Ions

Equilibrium Kf
[latex]{\text{Al}}^{\text{3+}}\text{+}6{\text{F}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[{\text{AlF}}_{6}\right]}^{\text{3-}}[/latex] 7 × 1019
[latex]{\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}\text{+}4{\text{NH}}_{3}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{\text{2}\text{+}}[/latex] 1.3 × 107
[latex]{\text{Cd}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Cd}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 3 × 1018
[latex]{\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{3}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{2+}[/latex] 1.3 × 105
[latex]{\text{Co}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{3}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Co}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{\text{3+}}[/latex] 2.3 × 1033
[latex]{\text{Cu}}^{+}+2\text{CN}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}[/latex] 1.0 × 1016
[latex]{\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{NH}}_{3}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Cu}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{\text{2+}}[/latex] 1.7 × 1013
[latex]{\text{Fe}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{4-}[/latex] 1.5 × 1035
[latex]{\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{CN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}[/latex] 2 × 1043
[latex]{\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+6{\text{SCN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Fe}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{3-}[/latex] 3.2 × 103
[latex]{\text{Hg}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[{\text{HgCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 1.1 × 1016
[latex]{\text{Ni}}^{\text{2+}}+6{\text{NH}}_{3}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Ni}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{6}\right]}^{\text{2+}}[/latex] 2.0 × 108
[latex]{\text{Ag}}^{+}+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[{\text{AgCl}}_{2}\right]}^{-}[/latex] 1.8 × 105
[latex]{\text{Ag}}^{+}+2{\text{CN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{-}[/latex] 1 × 1021
[latex]{\text{Ag}}^{+}+2{\text{NH}}_{3}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Ag}{\left({\text{NH}}_{3}\right)}_{2}\right]}^{+}[/latex] 1.7 × 107
[latex]{\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{CN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 2.1 × 109
[latex]{\text{Zn}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{OH}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Zn}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 2 × 1015
[latex]{\text{Fe}}^{\text{3+}}+{\text{SCN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Fe}\left(\text{SCN}\right)\right]}^{\text{2+}}[/latex] 8.9 × 102
[latex]{\text{Ag}}^{+}+4{\text{SCN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Ag}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{3-}[/latex] 1.2 × 1010
[latex]{\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{I}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[{\text{PbI}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 3.0 × 104
[latex]{\text{Pt}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{Cl}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[{\text{PtCl}}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 1 × 1016
[latex]{\text{Cu}}^{\text{2+}}+4\text{CN}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Cu}{\left(\text{CN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 1.0 × 1025
[latex]{\text{Co}}^{\text{2+}}+4{\text{SCN}}^{-}\rightleftharpoons{\left[\text{Co}{\left(\text{SCN}\right)}_{4}\right]}^{2-}[/latex] 1 × 103
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