Chapter 9: Industrial Transformation in the North, 1800–1850
Review Questions
1. How were the New England textile mills planned and built?
- Experienced British builders traveled to the United States to advise American merchants.
- New England merchants paid French and German mechanics to design factories for them.
- New England merchants and British migrants memorized plans from British mills.
- Textile mills were a purely American creation, invented by Francis Cabot Lowell in 1813.
2. Which is the best characterization of textile mill workers in the early nineteenth century?
- male and female indentured servants from Great Britain who worked hard to win their freedom
- young men who found freedom in the rowdy lifestyle of mill work
- experienced artisans who shared their knowledge in exchange for part ownership in the company
- young farm women whose behavior was closely monitored
3. What effect did industrialization have on consumers?
4. Most people who migrated within the United States in the early nineteenth century went ________.
- north toward Canada
- west toward Ohio
- south toward Georgia
- east across the Mississippi River
5. Which of the following was not a cause of the Panic of 1819?
- The Second Bank of the United States made risky loans.
- States chartered too many banks.
- Prices for American commodities dropped.
- Banks hoarded gold and silver.
6. Robert Fulton is known for inventing ________.
- the cotton gin
- the mechanical reaper
- the steamship engine
- machine tools
7. What did federal and state governments do to help people who were hurt in the Panic of 1819?
8. Which of the following was not a factor in the transportation revolution?
- the steam-powered locomotive
- the canal system
- the combustion engine
- the government-funded road system
9. What was the significance of the Cumberland Road?
- It gave settlers a quicker way to move west.
- It reduced the time it took to move goods from New York Harbor to Lake Erie.
- It improved trade from the Port of New Orleans.
- It was the first paved road.
10. What were the benefits of the transportation revolution?
11. Which of the following groups supported the abolition of slavery?
- northern business elites
- southern planter elites
- wage workers
- middle-class northerners
12. Which social class was most drawn to amusements like P. T. Barnum’s museum?
- wage workers
- middle-class northerners
- southern planter elites
- northern business elites
13. What did Peter Cooper envision for the United States, and how did he work to bring his vision to life?