Thermodynamics was adapted for students of online and partially online undergraduate thermodynamics courses from Thermodynamics, by Diana Bairaktarova at the Department of Engineering Education, Virginia Tech, available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Additional adapted resources

Portions of “Energy Balance for Closed Systems” was adapted from OpenStax – University Physics, Volume 2, licensed under CC BY 4.0.