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    Preface

    Welcome to American Government 2e, an OpenStax resource. This textbook was written to increase student access to high-quality learning materials, maintaining highest standards of academic rigor at little to no cost. *This textbook also includes small modifications by Lumen Learning and includes Crash Course U.S. Government and Politics videos. James R. Paradiso from the University of Read more »

    Declaration of Independence

    When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the Read more »

    Electoral College Votes by State, 2012–2020

    Federalist Papers #10 and #51

    Federalist Paper #10: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection From the New York Packet. Friday, November 23, 1787. Author: James Madison To the People of the State of New York: AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break Read more »

    The Constitution of the United States

    We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article. I. Section. Read more »

    Approaches to Foreign Policy

    LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain classic schools of thought on U.S. foreign policy Describe contemporary schools of thought on U.S. foreign policy Delineate the U.S. foreign policy approach with Russia and China Frameworks and theories help us make sense of the environment of governance in a Read more »

    Institutional Relations in Foreign Policy

    LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the use of shared power in U.S. foreign policymaking Explain why presidents lead more in foreign policy than in domestic policy Discuss why individual House and Senate members rarely venture into foreign policy List the actors who engage in foreign policy Read more »

    Foreign Policy Instruments

    LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe the outputs of broadly focused U.S. foreign policy Describe the outputs of sharply focused U.S. foreign policy Analyze the role of Congress in foreign policy The decisions or outputs of U.S. foreign policy vary from presidential directives about conducting drone strikes Read more »

    Defining Foreign Policy

    LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this section, you will be able to: Explain what foreign policy is and how it differs from domestic policy Identify the objectives of U.S. foreign policy Describe the different types of foreign policy Identify the U.S. government’s main challenges in the foreign policy realm When we consider policy as Read more »

    Introduction to Foreign Policy

    The U.S. government interacts with a large number of international actors, from other governments to private organizations, to fight global problems like terrorism and human trafficking, and to meet many other national foreign policy goals such as encouraging trade and protecting the environment. Sometimes these goals are conflicting. Perhaps because of these realities, the president Read more »